What is sociology, anyway? Why bother to study it?

The aspect of sociology mainly relates to the study of the human behavior, existence, and individual characteristics based on the collective perspective of the society. The importance of this field in science generally manifest in many ways varying from the views and interpretation of the person involved. In reply to the read article regarding a personal reflection towards sociology, this writer clearly understands that the author of the said article greatly appreciates the value of the aspect of sociology with its manifestation towards the said author’s life. Read also  Sociology and Social Integration. Parts of his realization are greatly inclined towards the aid of sociology for understanding the human behavior in the society and discovering the individual characteristics of each person in a collective perspective. By the inclusion of the sociological concepts, the author of the article was able to understand the individual differences in terms characteristics, behavior, intellect, and others relevant to his successful merge in his society. In agreement to the ideas presented of the author of the read article, indeed, the aspect of sociology explains that the individual differences of each person is rooted on the influence of numerous factors in the person’s development. Realizing this fact, it is important to acknowledge these factors in understanding the personal characteristics of each individual such as his or her opinion, values, perspective, behavior, and actions. Among these influential factors are the concepts of family background and culture wherein the former has changed significant in the present. Other than the traditional type of the family unit, new structure have already emerged in the present namely the extended and nuclear or modern type which also have significant influences in the personality development of the person involved in these family unit. The dominant culture existing inside the family also becomes a fundamental factor in the individual characteristic thus, should also be considered in the sociological analysis and understanding. Indeed, the factors of family background and culture significantly affect the development of individual personality and characteristics relative to understanding the differences of each person inside the collective group of their respective society. Being part of the broad field of sociology, indeed, it is important to consider this scientific field towards achieving development in the aspect of understanding social relationship and individual differences inside the organization of human society.

Paul the Spirit and the People of God Essay

Paul, the Spirit, and the People of God by Gordon Fee lays out a prescription for true spiritual success to cure what ails churches of all kinds. The main treatment is the Holy Spirit-led life. Fee’s major work â€Å"God’s Empowering Presence† is foundational in the area of Pauline pneumatology. This book successfully condenses the heavy exegesis of the larger work into an easily readable text. Fee has a lot of poignant and challenging things to say concerning modern-day evangelicalism’s understanding of the Holy Spirit. The difference between Christians today and Paul is staggering. The same spirit that lives in Paul and Jesus is the same spirit that is in Christians today. The western culture of Christians in today’s world live in very similar environment that the early Greco-Roman Western environment of Paul’s day. Disconnection has occurred because as Fee states â€Å"is in the large part to their experience of the reality of the Spirit’s presence.† This presents a very concerning issue with the church today who sometimes take the either/or approach to the Spirit between the gifts and the fruit of Spirit. The Spirit was an empowering force to Christian in the early church era. This power was not limited to signs and wonders, healings, or tongues but it was to empower the whole life of a Christian to grasp the beauty of being made in the image of God. The Spirit of God was the fulfillment of all the Jewish prophesies on how God would return His Presence to mankind again. The Trinitarian views became grounded because of Paul’s revelation on the very real true nature of God. The triune nature of God as one shows the vital importance that God is a relational being. He desires relationships and He has sent His Spirit for the church to be unified as one bride. Even though individual people experience salvation and become children of God, the goal is not a set of individuals for heaven but to create one people that lived a life of heaven in this day and age. A people for His name and glory. Just as important as Christians experiencing the Spirit of God is the understanding of the â€Å"already/not yet† aspect of heaven. The future of heaven has begun by the outpouring of His spirit and it guarantees a future consummation of a new heaven and earth. The Spirit is the key in worship for the people of God, as it gifts people with different diverse gifts might build up the church to live in this state of already/not there yet heaven on earth until the final coming of God. Throughout todays western culture the thought of God and spirituality are separate entities to everyday life. To be spiritual means to read the Bible, listen to worship music, or pray. These ideas are reinforced by the pastors every Sunday and as well as during the weekly men’s, women’s, teen, and children ministry times. After church services Christians go about their life and try to spread the gospel of Jesus because if people believe in God they don’t go to hell. The Spirit of God is a powerful force that is used to speak in tongues, prophesy, and heal people. Westernized Christians see the Spirit as a powerful unreliable tool. The problem with the way this Western mindset is we interpret and see the scripture that Paul speaks of with a tainted eye. Paul sees the Spirit as Gods fulfillment of promise to His people, the people that He adores, and gave His sons life for. The fulfillment to this promise is that Gods presence would once again be among His people but if they accepted Him, He would indwell them and bring them to life! Paul never writes about what Christians should do as a doctrine but he instead is describing a process in how to connect with God. When Paul describes in 2 Corinthians chapter four about him encountering the Spirit of God. Not only is he beholding the Glory of God but he is being transformed into Gods likeness. This love that rushes like a mighty stream to his heart causes him to cry out daddy because of his adoration to God. The children of God are designed to be in a vulnerable relationship with God. They are designed to hear His voice and understand that He is not an impersonal being. The only way is through experience. The western mindset makes it tough to swallow some of Paul’s revelations about life. Especially about the how everyone is part of one body. In a culture that is all about personal achievement and looking out for ones-self, people get trapped in this self-absorbed mentality that has poisoned the church. This imagery that Paul presents to all believers are part of one body. This shows that the spirit brings all people who are children of God together in unity. God is about unity in relationships and according to Paul it is the Spirit that draws us into unity as one body. The amazing part is that the sins that grieve the Holy Spirit are the sins of discord of one another. The Holy Spirit wants the relationships of people to be so vibrant and alive! The denominational churches of today’s age grieve the Holy Spirit. The discourses of beliefs have caused the body of Christ to be ripped apart. Paul does not see Jew or Gentile when he sees people but he sees sons and daughters of God. The church might not see that truth about who they are but through the revelation of the Spirit, he grasps who people really are. As children of God being in Christ through the Spirit all a part of one body. The church must begin to realize and grasp the revelation of the work that the Spirit is doing and not quench it. Paul, the Spirit, and the People of God by Gordon Fee gives the readers a glimpse into the revelation of Paul in the New Testament. Revelation only comes by experiencing the Spirit of God. A remarkable book on how children of God can live in the here/not yet concept of Heaven on earth. Fee will challenge the way the readers view and interact with God and others in order for heaven to be brought down more in every life.

Monkeys and how we judge mental illness Essay

In the movie 12 Monkeys there features a virus which was deliberately released in 1996 and killed more than five billion people. The survivors seek refuge into the underground. The refugees send volunteers to bring insect specimens from the universe to test for the virus presence. One of the sent prisoners is James Cole. He is sent for a mission into the past to collect information about the virus. He arrives in Baltimore in 1990, instead of 1996. Cole begins to recall the past events as if he was in a dream. For instance, he recalls an event when he witnessed a man killed at the airport while he was a child. Cole seems to have mental problem. That is the theme of the movie (Lynette, 3). In the movie, the issue of mental illness is brought out vividly. The definition of mental illness in regard to the social norms and beliefs is brought out clearly. Also, the Cole’s experience and how it relates to Plato’s allegory of the cave is highlighted. In this film, mental illness is featured several times. For instance, Jose mentions that the so called volunteers are said to go mad. This presents a clear case of mental illness in the movie. We also notice Cole getting locked up in the mental institution with other lunatics. That shows that there were many other lunatics present. Goines is definitely crazy or schizoid because of his hallucinating and grandiosity nature. Dr. Railly, the psychiatrist alludes that maybe the whole world may be insane. We really do not understand whether Cole was really from the future or he was ‘mentally divergent’. We notice Cole questioning his mental capabilities when he asks himself if it could not be great if he was crazy. Simultaneously, the Dr. is convinced that he is from the figure of which we know that this cannot be right (Lynette, 8). If he was really sane and from the furfure, then how can one explain the voice that he hears, the one he calls bum calling him Bob? What about th e changing guard faces? Again, what about the fact that he is never seen coming or leaving and his memory lapses? We really cannot know the physical divergence he claims to have because one cannot explain his foreknowledge about the boy in the well. It is also to explain his appearances in a World War One photo and the bullet in his leg. In short, this movie seems to be implying that we may not be mentally ill or weirder than the world we live. Relative to the social beliefs and norms, mental illness or abnormality can be seen as not being an exact process as it tends to focus on different individuals with different lines of thinking. This relies on different situations, behaviors and context to which the measure is applied (Weinberger, 2001). In defining abnormality, people from different societies and countries have varied ideas. Each and every culture has its own concepts of what it considers to be normal or abnormal. This can make us conclude that what is considered abnormal in one society is not the same in other societies. So, there is no society which is more superior to the other in their perception of mental illness or one society has got many mental disorders than the other (American Psychiatric Association. 2000). If we look at the deviation from the norms, something or somebody can be considered abnormal if he or she does not conform to what could be considered statistically normal. Those who focus on this explanation consider specific aspects such as the intelligence quotient (IQ), the personal traits and their distribution. Asserting that a person is abnormal in this aspect typically means that they deviate from the numeric average of a specific trait and behavior patterns. The other mostly applied aspect in examining the mental illness of people is the deviation from the social norms. Naturally, some behaviors are considered unaccepted in the society, but they can still be expected to be applied in certain situations. Majority of people know how to adjust and come along with these changes (Weinberger, 2001). The ones that contradict what is socially normal are taken as abnormal or mentally ill to the extreme. Also, a person is considered abnormal if he/she is not functioning correctly in that he or she may lack a full range of emotion and feelings and, therefore, his life is considered abnormal. Such people can only participate in a limited range of functioning lifestyle (American Psychiatric Association. 2000). Distress can also be used to gauge the mental illness and capability of people as it could be an underlying mental problem. Another aspect of the social norms definition of mental illness is the person’s association with others. If a person’s relationship with others causes them discomfort, then, the approach of the person may lead to the description of abnormality in the context of that relationship. The Cole’s experiences relate to the Plato’s’ allegatory of the cave’ with respect to allegations that the real world may not be what our senses reveal. In relation to the Cole’s experience, we see him moving from one world of the past to the furfure and vice versa. In real this could only be a dream or mere imaginations. In this case, Cole’s experiences could be reflecting Plato’s thoughts or allegations. In his Dialogue with Glaucon, we are not sure of the cave which he was referring to. It could either be the underground that the people had escaped to after the virus struck the universe or the prison where Cole was imprisoned. Cole imagines that the prisoners could think that the sounds they had heard were really coming from the shadows. Surprisingly, that imagination coincides with his seeing the changing face of the guard and that of omnipresence. His concepts on the shadows could reflect Cole’s switching from one world to another. Was what he saw from the 1990 world true or could it be his experience from the 1996 and 2035? Which was the truer experience? On the last part of their discussion with Glaucon, he tells him that they, meaning the government, cannot show any gratitude for the culture which they have never received. This could be reflecting the 12 monkeys who had released the virus that almost eliminated the human race according to the film. He said that with education on how to tackle issues, one will be able to defeat these ill minded people. That notion reflects Cole’s endeavors. References Roger Ebert (1996-01-05). â€Å"12 Monkeys†. Chicago Sun-TimesLynette Rice (August 26, 2013). † 12 monkeys pilot†. Entertainment Weekly James Berardinelli. â€Å"Twelve Monkeys†. Reviews Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences Education, National Research Council. 2000. How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Weinberger, D., Torrey, E.F., and Berman, K. 2001. Schizophrenia PET scans. Retrieved July 13, 2008 American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition The Allegory of the Cave http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/allegory.html Source document

Continuation of media influence on adolescents Dissertation

Continuation of media influence on adolescents - Dissertation Example Although, both men and women read, viewed and heard various media content, women are maximally influenced by the content both in the physical sense as well as in the mental sense. That is, while men are merely excited, women strive to be just as flawless and perfect as projected in mass media by following lifestyle practices, which sometimes could border on negativity. (Sengupta and Dahl 2008). When one looks historically, when other electronic forms had not yet made an appearance, print magazines was the major media influence occupying the mind space of both men and women. However, as mentioned above, although males read the magazines, they were not maximally influenced by them to incorporate as part of their lifestyle, this was not the case with the females. In those times, women are mainly viewed (and the adolescent girls were prepared) as housewives or homemakers, whose primary duty is to take care of their husbands, children and the household. (Sengupta and Dahl 2008).So, the me dia content in mid part of the 20th century featured information as well as tips mainly regarding this lifestyle of women. Although, some magazines also featured content and tips on other extra-curricular activities that can be carried out by the women, it was only in minority. The basic point is, all forms of media content mainly reflect or write or broadcast what is happening in the real society about real people or specifically about real women at that particular time. Thus, mass media now or earlier reflected or featured women centric issues that was/is prevalent. However, certain issues are not time-bound and are visible now also. Quite importantly, apart from reflecting what is in the society, this media content will also influence the society. That is, like a chain reaction, the media content gets created from the society, and when the society starts to continuously read a ‘specific’ type of content, they will or if correctly said, majority of them will get influ enced, thereby creating norms or stereotypes. This will change the lifestyle of many. As more adolescent boys and especially girls read, view or hear the media content, they will/have started viewing them as the eye-opener for many of their lifestyle choices as well as panacea for all their problems. When they do this, they will avoid or even ignore any tips from their parents For the past few decades, sexuality has been used in the mass media as the main form of gaining the attention of its viewers particularly the target segment of adolescents or youths, often showing models in a physical appearance, which negatively influences the adolescents. These contents in the mass media often use the subject of sexuality to promote the product or other features by correlating the two. Sizable content in the mass media show women as a symbol of beauty and sexuality, impacting men and women in different ways. (Sengupta and Dahl 2008). So, this literature review focusing on the trends and the influencing role of the mass media, will first discuss about the 1950s and 1960s mass media mediums particularly magazines and its impact or influence on the lives of the female, comparing it with the magazines of today. As part of the comparison, the review will also focus on how these mass media content took the ‘informational adviser’ tag, and gave a lot of tips to the adolescents, who sometimes preferred these media content over their parents. Media’

Apple Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Apple Inc - Research Paper Example This pricing strategy has allowed the company to rule over the Smartphone and the Tablet industry for a long period of time. The company offers high end devices and fast gadgets to customers, and this is why Apple is able to charge premium prices from its customers. The company has not yet been required to change its static pricing strategy because of its strong and dominant position in the market. The company is also able to charge higher prices because over the years, it has established a loyal clientele base. Customers of Apple products are loyal to the company and they wait keenly for company’s products. This is an indication of the loyalty of Apple customers, and this is why Apple is able to follow premium static pricing strategy. Many of Apple customers are repeat customers, and therefore the company is audacious in its pricing strategy. Apple does not have to worry much about attracting new consumers because it already enjoys a loyal clientele. Customers will buy Apple product without taking into consideration its high prices because they are just used to Apple products. Apple faces strong competition from companies like Samsung, Google, Microsoft, Blackberry, HTC, and Sony. All these companies, especially Samsung, have been rapidly gaining grounds by introducing new and innovative products (Chen, 2013). For a long period of time, Apple enjoyed monopoly power in the Smartphone and Tablet industry, but the tables are turning. Google’s android operating system has also garnered customer attention. Android based apps have flooded the market which shows the popularity of this operating system. The above mentioned companies are also producing cheaper Smartphones and Tablets which have also made life difficult for Apple, at least to a certain extent. The company, although, is not falling behind its competitors, to a great extent, because of its first movers advantage and extensive

America and the First World War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

America and the First World War - Essay Example America’s neutrality in the war meant that her banks could lend money to either of the warring sides. However, America’s neutrality is somewhat questionable as she was the main manufacturer and supplier of arms to the warring nations, especially to the Allied side, which was against the Imperial Germans. In addition, America supplied both financial aid and other goods such as army attire to both France and Britain. Her neutrality is also doubtful as she sought the affirmation of her right to immunity from submarine attacks from German submarines. Moreover, America kept a small army active in anticipation for joining the war, she sent out army divisions into Europe, whose tasks were to help out France and Britain. This neutrality was, however, stopped President Wilson after America received the Zimmerman Telegram, intercepted by Britain on its way to Mexico from the German government. The telegram sought to establish an alliance between Imperial Germany and Mexico agains t America. It also assured Mexico of Germany’s assistance in reclaiming the former’s land, which had been acquired by America (Venzon, p. 516). Wilson, who was re-elected because of his insistence on neutrality and seeking an amicable end to the war, was extremely aggravated by the Zimmerman Telegram, resulting in his decision to declare war on Germany. According to Wilson, the move by Germany to declare unrestricted submarine warfare on all marine vessels was evidence of Germany’s disregard for democracy. Wilson saw this as reason enough to go to war against Germany because the German’s had already sunk an American ship, Lusitania, resulting in the death of many Americans.  

Visual Merchandising window project for Matchesfashion Essay

Visual Merchandising window project for Matchesfashion - Essay Example The scent inside is fresh and natural together with well-ventilated light ceilings makes it a perfect environment that makes one feel free and comfortable to shop. Matches Fashion Store has a target of fashion ladies together with stylists and models who live in Marylebone. Their VM design is in a way that updates the fashion blogs in a fashion style from a collection of visuals. The VM inside the store brings about the creative environment for the attendants, picture impressions and even pet fittings which make it diversified in meeting the needs of customers together with their pets. The dressing and walking area is spacious enough to allow perfect decoration and styling. Customers get a clear view of the favorite designs as they walk around the shop. Matches Fashion has held different events that seek to advertize it, but they are carefully not to overspend and strain their budget on advertising. Matches Fashion has held advertising done with pageant auditions, using the web and also online promotion with â€Å"face book† and twitter accounts to collect fans and followers respectively. Magazines of Matches Fashion are found in the shop that showcases the shop and its variety of fashions. The focal point is normally found just below the level of the eye slightly away from its center and Matches Fashion have its display windows raised meaning the eye level will be lower. The accessories here fall below giving a perfect display of the store. Just from the other side of the street, an individual can have a vivid view of the shop on the other side from a deflection angle which allows one to look into the shop. In the window; Matches Fashion has slid fragmented glass windows, the walls and pillars are made of bricks. They are well balanced on each side that creates attention and makes the eyes explore. The accessories section is placed forward for easy access and testing. The design of the windows and the

Hoegh & Jensen's main points Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hoegh & Jensen's main points - Essay Example The researcher states that Hoegh and Jensen created workshops and activities to determine the usability problems faced by the users of the software along with the problems that the software developers themselves thought to be crucial which users could encounter. Then these users were divided and assigned to different projects that were set up. First, the users’ reactions and the instances, when they got stuck using the software, were recorded which was followed by the listing of problems that the developers identified. It was planned to find out if there were mutual problems that the developers and users identified or there were differences in the identification and realization of diverse usability problems. Then the authors or rather arbitrators were appointed to carry out the procedures and analysis in order to determine what the software developers themselves think about the problems that exist in their software. To identify the authentic usability problems, the developers were asked to list down the problems they thought could be hindering for the users. It was a basic plan to listen and account for both the sides, that is, the developers and the users, and then to merge the usability problems, issues and experiences further on to identify the true usability problems that both parties agreed upon to make the identification process easier for the developers. A certain type of diversity was kept to observe different results from the three different projects.

Critically review the case law concerning the ascertainment of Essay

Critically review the case law concerning the ascertainment of employee status and consider whether the current tests are fit fo - Essay Example Moreover, employees usually are taxed within a diverse tax regime; under the PAYE, while the self-employed usually pay their taxes at the end of each tax year. This is due to the fact that self employed work generally falls under a contract for services while the employed work under a contract of services1. Nonetheless, there is a certain amount of ambiguity linked to the legal formula by which workers are categorized. In this view, the effectiveness of the law may be questioned. Furthermore, some perceive that the current classifications have grown to become too rigid to deal efficiently with the advancement of non-standard employment forums. Such queries have proved to be the subject of many policy-oriented and legal analyses for the last two decades. Many studies have looked into employers’ reasons as to why the employed flexible forms of work. This paper offers a critical review of the given law as it relates to the means by which employee status and a consideration as to whether the current tests are suitable for purpose. The ‘worker’ concept One way for augmenting the number of people covered by employment law includes the use of the wider definition of worker and not employee as the basis for determining protective legislation2. This would include even people who do not have employment contracts but still contract to offer their own individual services to their employers. To some extent, they are economically dependent on the business of their employer. In some way, this broader definition is useful for fair treatment legislation and that which touches on the payment of wages. Recently, the legislation was approved by the National Minimum Wage Act 1998 as well as under regulations that implement the Working Time Directive3. Nonetheless, most of its aspects with regards to its use have remained unclear. There appears to be extremely few decisions about the distinction between a self employed worker and an employee. For this reason, it is hard to comprehend how many people would be affected by extending employment protection rights to those under the definition ‘workers’ and not ‘employees’. Employment status The hardship linked with defining workers, employees, and the self-employed, as well as the issues of giving status to individuals in non-standard work, have added several practical implications to the execution of the law in practice. Ambiguities that surround the distinction between the self-employed and employees should mean that there are many of those who enjoy employment rights without their knowledge. On the other hand, those who may thing they fall under employee category, and therefore enjoy employment rights, may turn out otherwise on close legal scrutiny. This uncertainty may mean that some employers may leave out their obligations4. The Law Governing the Classification of Employment Relationships The decisive factor by which legal classification are decided on are not put down in legislation, however, they have been hugely developed through what is known as Case Law. In particular, four tests are relied on: ‘Integration’, ‘Control’, ‘mutuality of obligation’, and ‘business reality’. Behind such states are a known determinant that includes the means of payment, the stability and the overall length of the employment relationship, as well as the degree of coverage of

Values of Early Childhood Education Essay Example for Free

Values of Early Childhood Education Essay Research Proposal The purpose of my proposed study is to analyze the values of early childhood education in the public schools system. There are several things that I hope to accomplish by conducting this research. This research will further illustrate how a sound foundation on certain skills enhances the readiness for those students entering kindergarten. This research will also provide possible solutions for kindergarten retention rates in the public schools system. I plan to investigate the answers to my questions using data, personal interviews with teachers, research based journals and magazines. I plan to utilize documents such as report cards and standardized test scores from schools. There are several sub-questions that I plan to examine such as: How and when do we know a child is ready for kindergarten? What measures are being used to assess the readiness of kindergarten? Why does full-day kindergarten work? I am a Kindergarten teacher who has benefited greatly from having a sound foundation early in my academic career. Therefore, I will keep an open mind throughout this paper and only state facts based on information found during my research. Parents, teachers, and other school employees are concerned with the issue of kindergarten readiness in today’s youth. Some districts start students in kindergarten based strictly on age. Other districts start students in kindergarten based on student’s scores from kindergarten screening tests. The screening tests are frequently administered by inexperienced employees (West). It is very difficult for a child to be confronted by a stranger, and perform several different tasks in a pressured testing atmosphere. Although these two ways have worked in our country for years, times are changing. Full-day kindergarten is also a growing trend throughout the nation that has had a positive impact on kindergarten retention nationwide (Atkins-Burnett and Meisels 37). This seems to be making up for the lack of unity in the kindergarten admission throughout the United States. Although it seems to be patching up everything properly this should not be used to patch up the mistakes of the way we decide on a child’s readiness to enter kindergarten. Mrs. Cheryl Mueller, former director of the Center for Child Development on the campus of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, states that these screening tests are mostly developed locally and claim to test things that are not important to the readiness of a child in kindergarten. At the Center for Child Development where Mrs. Mueller previously worked, the teachers must administer an evaluation two times during the school year which tests the child’s knowledge on several different tasks that determine the child’s readiness(see figure 1). Mueller believes that a pre-k program is imperative for a child to be fully prepared for kindergarten at age five. This should be the standard nationwide (Mueller). The â€Å"No Child Left Behind Act† now in place across the country has raised the bar on pre-k classrooms nationwide. In 2006, pre-k school teachers were required to hold an associates’ degree (Tozer). With these standards being raised it ensured that proper education in a pre-k classroom would be take place and encourage more parents across the nation to get involved in placing their children in a pre-k program. This would significantly reduce the kindergarten retention rate says Mueller. There is no statewide standard, which prevents a lot of children from advancing to the first grade. The kindergarten retention rates continue to climb all over the country. The Education Statistics Services Institute states 40% of children that are retained in kindergarten are more likely to have behavioral problems, and set backs in social development with other children (West). This is why there should be four aspects that a district reviews in order to determine a child’s readiness for kindergarten including; social and emotional development, approaches to learning, communication, and cognitive development and general knowledge, and this should be a nationwide criteria. Social and emotional development in children of five years old is imperative in determining the readiness of a student for kindergarten. A student that is five years old, and ready for kindergarten should be able to do a certain check-list of activities including:  · Dresses self without help  · Tie shoelaces  · Balances on each foot  · Heel to toe walk  · Can count on fingers  · Knows own address and phone number  · Recognizes colors and common shapes  · Copies simple shapes (e. g. triangle or square)  · Able to print a few letters and numbers  · Draw a person with a head, body, arms, and legs  · Speaks in phrases that are understood by others  · Plays make believe and dress up  · Plays and shares with others  · Understands opposites  · Recalls parts of stories These are just some of the social and emotional aspects that should be nationally accepted to the guidelines for kindergarten readiness (Amos). These tasks should be evaluated by a pre-school teacher or by a highly qualified expert. A student’s developmental skills are also very important in evaluating a child’s readiness for kindergarten. They need to be able to complete several different tasks to function happily in the kindergarten classroom. These tasks include parts of speech and language, gross motor coordination, fine motor coordination, and social and emotional. In the speech and language section students need to ask meaning of words. This determines whether or not the child will be involved in the learning process in a classroom setting. The student must describe pictures and experiences. They must use appropriate verb tenses and grammar. This will ensure a core of knowledge for the kindergarten curriculum. Also, the student must recognize simple jokes, riddles, and absurdities. (Gisler and Eberts). The student’s gross motor coordination should also be an important factor in determining the child’s readiness for kindergarten. They must be able to walk downstairs using alternate feet, and hop on one-foot; this is to check the child’s balance and ability to walk. They must jump along a six- foot line with both feet. The student needs to be able to walk scissor steps across a line. Last, but not least, student must be able to begin to skip alternating feet. These evaluations are done in a few states nationwide. These evaluations do take place in certain districts in the state of Mississippi and are administered by properly trained educators. This needs to become a nationwide standard. (Williams) The next part of the evaluation should include fine motor coordination including using scissors to cut a straight line. It seems like an easy task but as a kindergarten teacher witnessing it first hand everyday; it is hard for students to complete this task. The child needs to copy a circle, square, and cross. This is to make sure the child is ready to learn extensive penmanship. This is also where students need to draw a person with a body, a head, and four limbs. This is not to see if there is an artist in the making, yet to see if children comprehend parts of the human body, and to see if they can distinguish their basic shapes. The final portion of this part of the evaluation should be social and emotional. This would include the child handling snaps, buckles, zippers, and possess the beginning knowledge of shoe tying. The child should be fully potty trained, and should independently take care of their own business in the bathroom. They should be able to dress and undress independently. This is very imperative especially with the laws and regulations between a student/ teacher relationship from kindergarten and beyond (Schweinhart and Zongping). A child also needs to be able to function in structured group activities with rules and discipline. The student needs to have sympathy for others in all situations. And, of course the golden rule, â€Å"Sharing is caring† all students need to partake in sharing and taking turns. If a child can complete these tasks they will be ready and able for the task at hand. â€Å"A child who is socially ready for school should be able to make friends, gets along with peers, and communicates well with teachers. Children who arrive at kindergarten with social competencies generally have an easier time forming relationships with their peers and better school outcomes† (Elovson 27). Dr. Elvoson has a good handle on this situation. The social aspect is often overlooked in most kindergarten evaluation tests, if the district even has any such test. A kindergartener should be able to ease in joining others in play, have an ability to make and keep friends, and positively interact with peers. There is a large percentage of students who interact with their peers who show positive social behaviors while a very small percentage show poor social development. Full-day kindergarten is a trend nationwide that is helping with the oversights, or lack of kindergarten evaluations. Full-day kindergarten has made state standards and standardized testing more advanced so, that at age five children will attain more knowledge academically, in better preparation for the first grade. It also gives teachers more time to get to know their students, and individualize their instruction. In turn, it gives students more time to learn all the academics that kindergarteners are required to learn. Having students in class over twenty hours a week has produced the increased studying of, all subject matter including: math, social studies, and science every day (Walston). This is preventing kindergarten retention. Kindergarten retention is another serious problem that could be avoided if we increased the rigor of the content on kindergarten evaluations. The pre-k tests that are administered at educational institutions such as the Center for Child Development Center in Hattiesburg takes the gross motor, fine motor, psycho/social, self-help, cognitive, homework, and reading/writing categories and put them into a mini-evaluation as shown in figure one. This is what every state should do for the kindergarten evaluation. In figure one a sheet is shown where the teachers that do the evaluation are told to show children ten colors. The children must point them out and recall the colors without any help from the instructor. Then, the child must pick out four shapes, and tell the instructor the names of four shapes. Next, the student is asked to count to ten. Following counting the numbers aloud the student must then look at flash cards of the numbers and distinguish them apart by name without any help from the instructor. The final step of part two in the evaluation consists of the alphabet. The students must say the entire alphabet without singing the alphabet. This is difficult even for adults. Then the students must recognize the alphabet as shown with flash cards, with again, no help for the instructor. These evaluations seem to work very well, and 95% of the Center for Child Development students goes on to pass kindergarten successfully (Mueller). In conclusion, there are some of these same techniques taking place in different parts of the United States today. Education is an essential part of growing up. Many children begin school at the age of 5 or 6, when they usually enter kindergarten. Kindergarten is where the foundation is set for a child’s long term educational progress. Some view kindergarten as a baby stage that is not important, but really it’s the first step that a child takes into the real world. The skills learned in kindergarten will be carried with the child forever. â€Å"Most of what I really need to know about how to live, and what to do, and how to be, I learned in kindergarten. Wisdom was not at the top of the graduate school mountain, but there in the sand box at nursery school† (Fulghum 4). However, children’s learning capabilities are at there peak at earlier ages than that. Preschool is the special tool for an educated future, but few people pay attention to or care about preschool’s potential benefits. Children are valuable to the future of the country, but the government has largely ignored them. At the Federal level, the government should make it a law that every child should enter preschool and also create free preschools available to all families. Preschool is a tool that would improve our children’s performance in school by giving them a head start in education, lower the risk of being placed in special education or being held back a grade, developing social skills, and lowering the crime rate. Although you might think that preschool is just a place for parents to drop off their children while they are at work for the day, you’re wrong. It is in preschool where children learn the necessary skills needed to succeed in school and in life. It’s not only the children who reap the benefits of early childhood education; their parents, fellow peers, and even society feel the positive effects of quality preschool programs. Children enrolled in quality preschool programs are more likely to succeed academically and socially when they are older. In preschool your child will listen to poetry and songs building blocks needed to grasp phonics and reading skills when it is developmentally appropriate. The play that takes place with water, sand, and containers gives them the foundation for understanding some basic math concepts. Matching, sequencing, one-to-one correspondence are all activities that are done over and over in preschool settings and help children get ready to learn academics. Judy Packer, a pre-k teacher at French Elementary School in Jackson says, â€Å"Children learn more in their early years than they ever will again. With the dissolution of the extended family, the best way to support early learning is with publicly funded pre-K. † Quality pre-K programs helps children by helping them accomplish something all families want for them: success in K-12. School success in turn, is a path to life success – to children’s ability to graduate from high school, support themselves as adults, to own homes, stay out of trouble with the law, and eventually raise their own families. Referring back to Graduation by Maya Angelou she briefly described what it felt like to graduate from high school, as she tells the story, the importance of this day for Angelou grows beyond that of the typical graduation. These days preschool has a big impact on whether a student will graduate or not. Quality preschool boosts our K-12 schools by laying a learning foundation that enables children to arrive at kindergarten ready to learn, play and build on their self confidence. Preschool lifts a burden off our K-12 public schools by ensuring that all children have the chance to start strong in school. Kindergarten teachers know from experience what a positive contribution preschool makes toward children’s success in school, also the kindergarten teachers see first hand the difference between kids who have experienced quality preschool and those who haven’t. References Amos, Denise. â€Å"No More Nappy Time-Kindergarten’s Serious†. Enquirer 06 April. 2005: 4-7 Atkins-Burnett, Sally, and Samuel J. Meisels. Handbook of Early Childhood Intervention. New York: Cambridge, 2000. Elovson, Allana PhD. The Kindergarten Survival Handbook: The Before School Checklist a Guide for Parents. New York: Parent Ed Resources, 1993 Fulghum, Robert. All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten. New York: Ballantine, 1986 Gisler, Peggy Ed. S. , and Marge Eberts Ed. S.. â€Å"Education Q A with†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Family Education Online (2005): 4 pars. 17 Nov. 2005 Meisels, S. J. , S. Atkins-Burnett, and J. Nicholson. â€Å"Assessment of social Competence, Adaptive behaviors, and Approaches to Learning with Young Children. † National Center for Education Statistics (1996) 6 Nov. 2005 Mueller, Cheryl. Conference Call. 5 March. 2009 Packer, Judy. Personal Interview. 24 March. 2009 Schweinhart, Lawrence J., and Xiang Zongping. â€Å" The Michigan School Readiness Program Evaluation through Age 10. † High Scope Ed (2002):3-9. 23 Nov. 2005 Tozer, Steven E. , Guy Senese, and Paul C. Violas. School and Society Historical Contemporary Perspectives fifth edition. New York: McGraw, 2002. Walston, Jill. Education Statistics Services Institute 28 June 2004-cited in Ellovoson West, Jerry. â€Å"Delaying Kindergarten: Effects on Test Scores and Childcare Costs. † Education Week Magazine 27 Feb 2004:1-3 West, Jerry. Education Statistics Services Institute 07 June 2004-cited in Ellovoson.

A Study On Culture And Nursing

A Study On Culture And Nursing To be able to be provide sufficient nursing care to all, nurses must understand and demonstrate culture respect and awareness. Nurses and all health care professionals must demonstrate cultural competency, cultural sensitivity. The health care system is a cultural diverse area that all health care professionals must utilise and thoroughly understand to be able to provide reliable care to all individuals no matter their race, age, sex and background. Nurses must understand that different cultures have different customs and beliefs and nurses must know how to provide correct nursing care to these different individuals. Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, roles, relations, and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individuals and groups. Culture can be a system of knowledge shared by a small or large group of people. A culture can be a is a way of life of a group of people-their behaviours, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next, this is the way of their life. Today when people move across continents with the help of technology their culture and heritage moves along with them. Almost each and every continent is populated with people from different nations who have diverse traditions and cultures. So knowledge of health traditions and culture plays a vital role in nursing. People from different cultures have a unique view on health and illness. Culture specific care is a essential skill to the all nurses, as Australia continues to consist of many immigrants who have become assimilated into one culture. Cultural diversity is a challenge for community nurses and can present many difficulties in the provision of quality nursing care and in achieving the best possible health care outcomes. (Contemporary Nurse Journal 1992-2010) Gathering accurate information on the cultural diversity of the client group is the key to planning for quality nursing care for culturally diverse clients. By investigating service use and health trends, it may be possible to identify issues relevant to particular language or cultural groups. This may also indicate a need to develop new strategies tailored to certain cultural groups or target interventions to tackle specific health and welfare issues.'(Government Department of Human Services 2006) The responsiveness of an health care professionals to the communities and/or cultural groups it helps can be greatly effected by developing and maintaining a culturally diverse and aware workforce. Employing nurses who speak other languages or have experience and understanding of other cultures can be an important for improving an health organisations awareness and sensitivity to different cultures. Cultural awareness training for staff can raise consciousness of cultural issues more broadly and contribute significantly to improved service delivery. (Government Department of Human Services 2006) To be culturally competent a nurse needs to understand their own cultural and world views and those of the patient, and nurses need to avoided stereotyping to the scientific cultural area. Cultural competence is obtaining cultural information and then applying that knowledge. Cultural awareness allows nurses to see the entire picture and improves the quality of care and health outcomes. Adapting to different cultural beliefs and practices requires flexibility and a respect for others view points. Cultural competence means to really listen to the patient, to find out and learn about the patients beliefs of health and illness. To provide culturally appropriate care we need to know and   to understand culturally influenced health behaviours. (culturediversity.org. 1997-2008) In Australia nurses dont have to travel to far to encounter a lot of cultural differences, such as ethnic customs, traditions and beliefs. To be culturally competent the nurse needs to learn how to mix a little cultural understanding with the nursing care they offer. Perceptions of illness and disease and there causes varies by different cultures, these individual preferences affect the approaches to health care.  Culture also influences how people seek health care and how they behave toward health care providers. How nurses care for patients and how patients respond to this care is greatly influenced by culture. Health care professionals must have the ability and knowledge to communicate and   to understand all health behaviours influenced by culture. Cultural competence requires nurses to have an awareness of the fact that there are many different belief systems.  The beliefs that different cultures may have about health care and sometimes their aversion to it, may be difficult for some nurses to understand but all health care professionals must understand that nurses dont need to understand these beliefs completely, but need to respect and show some understanding and a willingness to learn. Drawbacks to cultural sensitivity can include stereotyping, discrimination, racism, and prejudice.   There may be situations in which some nurses may show a lack of sensitivity without realising it or intending to offend someone. Nurses should never make assumptions about individuals and their beliefs.   Nurses should ask questions about cultural practices in a professional and thoughtful manner if they dont fully understand the culture. Show respect for the patients support group, whether it is family, friends, religious leaders etc. Understanding where men and women fit in the patients culture is necessary, in some cultures, the oldest male is the decision-maker for the rest of the family, even with regards to treatment decisions. All nurses must make an effort to gain the patients trust and develop a rapport. Cultural competence is the ability to provide effective care for clients who come from different cultures. It requires sensitivity and effective communication, both verbally and non-verbally. (nursetogether.edu.au 2009) In conclusion nurses as a whole need to be culturally diverse in the way the provide quality health care. They need to understand that all patients are different and they will all need different nursing care to fit their culture. Nurses need to respect, understand and learn from different people about their different cultures. Nurses must not be racist, discriminatory or show any prejudice to any patient about their culture, just because it isnt the same as the nurses doesnt mean that it is wrong. The Australian Health care system is culturally diverse so all health care professionals need to uphold a high standard of care to all know matter their culture and if cultural awareness and understanding is administered nurses can provide a holistic approach to health care.

Justice and Peace: The Road to Christian Salvation Essay examples -- R

Justice and Peace: The Road to Christian Salvation War appears to be the most vicious and unpleasant form of human interaction. No other setting allows people to kill each other in such substantial numbers or to cause such incredible and extensive distress. Wars often take many years to develop and they can last for years longer than that and the effects duplicate for decades and even centuries afterwards. A question that is frequently asked is: If war is so terrible, why do people continue to allow it to occur? A simple answer to this can be why isn’t war simply eliminated. Oddly, some actually seem to be fond of war. Armed battle is glorified for making us superior, stronger, and worthwhile beings even though we still have the power and strength to kill others. In the United States society today, the average person feels that war is simply miserable and a vicious act. The Christian majority seem to have bought into the myth that making war, like the rest of foreign policy, is not a moral issue, just a matter of fact. Faith requires Christians to determine when, and under what conditions, they may participate in the war making process. Christians strive for peace but realize in certain extreme cases that war may be a necessary evil to rectify certain situations and this can be shown through the current situation with Iraq. Unfortunately, at this point in time war appears to be inevitable with Iraq. The United States has done everything in its power to communicate with Iraq and discuss negotiations as well as trying to get Iraq to disarm. According to the tenets of Christianity it is imperative that they try to find a peaceful resolution. A Christian â€Å"faith is a relationship with God† (Thomps... ...ar is unavoidable then a just war can take place if necessary. Is war truly the answer to all of our problems or is peace our only means to justice and freedom? Christians would say that peace is our only means to justice and freedom because nonviolent confrontation is much more effective than violence by any means. This can be carried out through love, courage, strength, hope, and wisdom. â€Å"Such action is faithful to the vision of a people living out a life of reconciliation in a violent world† (Yoder 134). Works Cited Kegley, Charles W Jr., and Raymond, Gregory A. From War to Peace. New York: St. Martins Press, 2001. Thompson, Milburn J. Justice and Peace: A Prime for Christians. New York: Orbis Books, 2002. Walzer, Michael. Just and Unjust Wars. New York: Basic Books, 2000. Yoder, John Howard. What Would You Do? Pennsylvania: Herald Press, 1992.

The Benefits of Play Time for Children Essay -- Cognitive, Social, Psy

The best way for parents to teach their child is to play with them. Because indoor and outdoor play is a child's opportunity to explore his new world, it is very important for his growth. In order to help their children develop cognitive, social, and psychological skills, parents should actively participate in their child's playtime. The first step for parents to take is to give the child enough room to play. Enough play space will give way to paths, ramps, bridges, hills, etc (Strickland par. 3). Because the child will have extra room to move, his body will engage in actions, which is important for him to learn how his mind cooperates with his body. Provide tools like plastic shovels, sand buckets, or blocks of wood to encourage him to build anything he wants. Such things as sand, water, blocks, and boxes for construction are moveable. Since they are moveable, they are also changeable; he can calculate in his head what needs to go where (Strickland par. 1). The balancing, lifting, and carrying will help develop his cognitive skills because he will be using his mind to complete his project just the way he imagines it (Strickland par. 2). The movements and strategies that are accompanied by outdoor projects will enhance his motor coordination, and hone his timing skills (Muller par. 38). Dr. Katheleen Al fano, director research at Fisher Price, states that â€Å"a great deal of research has been conducted recently into the link between play and movement, and intellectual development† (Muller par. 37). Of course, the parents' role in this activity is to monitor their child's play, but to not hover or intervene. The parents may feel urged to correct the child's method of construction, but it is vital for the child to ... ...k. There is no time commitment, and the child savors the play-time just the same (Bush par. 4). There are many things to do outside to help define the child's character: read outside (Bush par. 8), gaze at the sky (Bush par. 9), listen to animal sounds (Bush par. 10), look at the many bugs, and much more. When a child sees an eccentric insect, his reaction will portray his character and personality. It also helps him explore his feelings (Bush par. 7). Allowing aggressive play and scheduling time to see the world together are ways that parents can actively participate in their child's play-time. The famous author Dr. Seuss thinks that â€Å"adults are obsolete children.† Still, parents must put adulthood aside sometimes and actively participate in their child's play-time in order to help the child develop cognitive, social, and psychological skills.

Fossil Gaps Essay examples -- Geology Evolution Essays Biology

Fossil Gaps â€Å"The study of fossils provides strong evidence for evolution.† (Campbell, 260) Or does it? The fact is that the fossil record is a silent testimony against Darwin’s erroneous theories of the fossil record documenting his idea of macroevolution. The book, Biology: Concepts and Connections (hereafter referred to as Biology), clearly agrees with the evolutionary outlook of â€Å"fossils [being] a rich source of evidence for evolution.† (Campbell, 260) However, this book, along with most evolutionists, avoids the substantial questions the fossil record actually represents. In the rock layers of the earth, scientists have found many fossils (preserved traces of plants and animals). According to evolutionary paleontologists (scientists studying fossil remains), the history of this world is recorded in the rocks that make up the earth’s crust and the fossils that they contain. Evolutionists claim that these rocks have been forming, wearing away, and reforming since the world began. (Halbach, 387) Although Biology often overlooks the criteria arguing against evolution, it still contains the gaps that the evolutionary theory possesses. Among these gaps are the arguments against the fossil record – circular reasoning, reversed geological columns, polystrate fossils, sediment accumulation, inconclusive physical evidence, and lack of transitional fossils. A scientist named Gliedman gives an excellent summary reflecting upon the latter dispute: â€Å"No fossil or other physical evidence directly connects man to ape.... The problem for gradualists [those who support gradual evolution or orthodox Darwinian evolution] is that... these ancestral species remain essentially unchanged throughout their ‘million-year life spans’, yet each of them differs substantially from its immediate predecessor.† (Glideman, 90-91) Biology holds the evolutionary view of older fossils deep in the strata are those of the primitive evolving organisms. The youngest rocks, which are on the topmost strata of the earth’s crust, are supposed to contain fossils of organisms which have more recently evolved – and therefore are similar to organisms alive today. Geologists and paleontologists have devised a geological time chart to show what they assume to be the evolutionary outline of the earth’s history. According to this time scale, the earth’s history can be divided into eras; each ... ...ry tales with facts. It is true that evolution has been mixed with science for the last thirty years, but that does not mean that it is the same as science – it is simply another scientific theory. Bibliography 1. Baker, Sylvia. Bone of Contention: Is Evolution true? USA: Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing Company, 1996. 2. Campbell, Neil A., Lawrence G. Mitchlell, and Jane B. Reece. Biology: Concepts and Connections, Third ed. Canada: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1994. 3. Darwin, Charles. The Origin of Species. New York: Princeton University Press, 1962. 4. Gliedman, John. â€Å"Mutations.† Science Digest. New York: Hafner, 1982. 5. Hakbach, John. Science: Order and Reality. USA: A Beka Book Publications, 1995. 6. McLean, G. S.; McLean, Larry; Oakland, Roger. The Bible Key to Understanding the Early Earth. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Southwest Radio Church, 1987. 7. Morris, Henry M. Scientific Creationism. El Cajon, California: Master Books, April 1985. 8. Schuchert, Charles. A TextBook of Geology. London: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995. 9. Stanley, Steven M. "Fossil." World Book Online. America’s Ed., Worldbookonline.com. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 2002.

A Business Plan to Start a New Business S P Hatcheries India Ltd.

Business Plan A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. , prepared as a part of the curriculum Management Studies and Research at Humera Khan Institute of Management Studies and Research. Business Plan A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. , prepared as a part of the curriculum Management Studies and Research at Humera Khan Institute of Management Studies and Research.Business Plan A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. Venue: HK Bldg. , Adj MHADA Complex, Oshiwara, Jogeshwari (W), Mumbai-102 | Tel. : 26774639 / 26774588 – Fax: 26790095 Venue: HK Bldg. , Adj MHADA Complex, Oshiwara, Jogeshwari (W), Mumbai-102 | Tel. : 26774639 / 26774588 – Fax: 26790095 Submitted to: Prof. Sadaf Khan Submitted By: DARSHAN PATIL ROSHAN VICHARE DHAWAL SHAH RUBY SINGH Content: Project Informa tion * COMPANY PROFILE * EXECUTIVE SUMMERY * PROJECT INTRODUCTION * PRODUCT INFORMATION * PRODUCT FEATURES NUTRITION CONTENT * VITAMINS CONTENTS * OTHER PROTEIN SOURCES * COMPETETIVE ADVANTAGE i. Protein Shake v/s Solid Protein ii. Technology behind the Project * GENETICS PROCESS * SALMONELLA TREATMENT * EXAMPLE OF HYPOTHETICAL DIET PLAN ————————————————- COMPANY PROFILE COMPANY NAME: OFFICE ADDRESS: S P HUTCHRIES INDIA LTD. 3372, Chavata, Old Nashik Road, Chavata, Nashik-. Office Contact No. : 0250-2513905 E-mail id for Support: [email  protected] com Website: www. sp15. com ————————————————-A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. India’s poultry industry represents a major success story. While agricultural production has been ri sing at the rate around 2 percent per annum over the past two to three decades, poultry production has been rising at the rate of around 8 percent per annum, with an annual turnover of US$ 7 500 million. The future outlook for Indian poultry also appears to be very favorable. The most conservative estimates predict a two- to three-fold increase in poultry production over the next ten or fifteen years.A Business Plan to start a new business S P Hutchies India Ltd. India’s poultry industry represents a major success story. While agricultural production has been rising at the rate around 2 percent per annum over the past two to three decades, poultry production has been rising at the rate of around 8 percent per annum, with an annual turnover of US$ 7 500 million. The future outlook for Indian poultry also appears to be very favorable. The most conservative estimates predict a two- to three-fold increase in poultry production over the next ten or fifteen years.EXECUTIVE SUMMERY The poultry farming in India occupies an important position due to its enormous potential to bring about rapid economic growth, particularly benefiting the weaker sections due its low investment requirement and short gestation period. The poultry, which was considered as a backyard proposition in the early 60’s has now been transformed into a strong agro based commercial activity having tremendous employability and income generation potential contributing nearly 0. 7% of the national GDP and about 10% of the Livestock GDP.We four of us planned to start this business after going through surveys and studies about many egg consumers who are now shifted from the normal egg to protein shake. Our focus was not only Maharashtra but all the egg consumers of India who prefers an added protein over the normal egg. Secondly our focus is on professions like Body-Building, Athletes, Actors, Sports persons those who are concentrating on the health. So we are planning the processed egg with ‘High Protein Content’ as well as keeping the muscle growth in mind.According to marketing analysis we found that customer always need something new as well as cost effective options. i. e. Greater Value with lesser cost. Currently in the market there are two qualities present Layers and Desi keeping this thing in mind we are coming with a new quality of the egg. Introducing our Brand – â€Å" SP15 † ————————————————- PROJECT INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Project Brief Layer farm business is an agro-based project. This can be started in both rural and semi-urban areas. According to the current industry practice, poultry sheds are available on rent basis.These sheds have complete required facilities and equipment. The rent varies between Rs 0. 5 to Rs 1 per square e feet depending upon the location and facilities at the farm. Major portion of the cost includ es bird feed. Day old chicks of Layer are initially reared for a period of 18 weeks. On completion of 18 weeks, the birds start laying eggs for the period of next 52 weeks. On an average, one layer lays about 300 eggs per laying season of 52 weeks. After the completion of laying period, the layers are sold in the market as culled birds.The selling price of these birds is determined on per bird basis. 1. 2 Opportunity Rationale Layer farming is a profitable business as the produce of the farm provides high quality animal protein which is daily requirement of the human body. Animal Protein is more valuable than that of plant protein. The average availability of protein is 11 grams a day, which is far less than the recommended daily dietary protein consumption of 26 grams according to the World Health Organization Standards. The bodybuilder’s diet consists of 3 meals a day, plus several snacks in between the meals.Protein shakes are the best option for those snacks. Usually a pr otein shake consists of protein powder, skim milk, and flavouring of fresh or frozen fruit. If a protein shake is prepared correctly, it is a great high-protein, low-fat bodybuilding food. There is also an opportunity in this field if we can give an optional product with added protein content. 1. 3 Total Project Cost A Poultry farm with a population of 5,000 birds started in a rented shed requires a small capital investment of about Rs 62,000 for purchasing farm machinery and equipment.A sum of about Rs 288,000 is required as working g capital, which will be used for purchasing day old chicks and raw material (feed & vaccines) etc. 1. 4 Proposed Capacity 5000-birds are the minimum economic size to start a layer farm, where the operational and fixed costs are justifiable. These birds are kept for sixteen months, which includes a rearing period of 4. 5 months and laying period of 12 months. Layer Farm layout —————————†”——————- PRODUCT INFORMATION Product Name: â€Å"SP15† Product Preview: Mission Statement: â€Å"We Nourish People† Product Tagline: â€Å"The Best Square Meal† ———————————————— PRODUCT FEATURES Following are the features of the SP15 * Modified Hen egg * High protein * Salmonella Treated * With essential nutrients. NUTRITION CONTENT: VITAMINS CONTENTS: OTHER PROTEIN SOURCES: Protein source| Protein content (gm)| Per| Hen egg(Normal)| 5-6. 5| 1 Whole| Chicken| 6. 5| 25gms| Cottage cheese| 5| 25gms| Fish| 6. 6| 25gms| ————————————————- COMPETETIVE ADVANTAGE Protein Shake v/s Solid Protein: Whey protein is absorbed very fast (in some cases, depending on heating time of the product, about 1hr).Thus, sol id protein takes longer to digest and absorb giving you the ability to have a positive nitrogen balance and steady release of Amino Acids. Whey enters the blood stream very fast, but also leaves very fast. Technology behind the Project: Use: Layers, White leghorns hen to breed: We will be using a special breed of the Hens for this project. This breed is a very high quality layer called Leghorns. This Breed lays 300 Eggs per year. ————————————————- GENETICS PROCESS R&D will do genetic modification on parent specimen of hens.In this process they will modify the gene which is responsible for protein production. After this process hens will be kept for the laying the eggs ————————————————- SALMONELLA TREATMENT The eggs first gets inspected and then selected for the S almonella Treatment. Following picture depicts the Salmonella. Scientists prepare to inspect eggs for Salmonella enteritidis contamination. (Photo credit: Stephen Ausmus/USDA) After selection of the eggs they undergo following Salmonella Process: * Step 1- Use of Lugol’s solution Step-2 Use of Chlorohexidine + Ethanol + Quaternary Ammonium solution * Step 3- Fleming Eggs undergoing Salmonella Treatment ————————————————- EXAMPLE OF HYPOTHETICAL DIET PLAN * Hypothetical diet plan of body building professional. * If he needs 150gms proteins per day, he has to eat 25eggs i. e. 25*6=150gms * But he will need only 10,SP15 eggs, to get 150gms of proteins. i. e. 10*15=150gms ————————————————- MARKETING PLAN * UNIQUE SELLING PREPOSITION (USP) * MARKETING STRATEGY * MARKET SEGMENTATION 1. POPULATION DEMOGRAPHIC . AGE DEMOGRAPHIC 3. SALARY DEMOGRAPHIC * TARGET AUDIENCE * VALUE PROPOSITION * SWOT ANALYSIS ————————————————- UNIQUE SELLING PREPOSITION (USP) ————————————————- â€Å"Only added PROTEINS with no side effects† ————————————————- ————————————————- MARKETING STRATEGY Marketing Strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. ———— ———————————— POPULATION DEMOGRAPHIC Source: NFO Research Share of Intake Panel — 2011 Source: NFO Research Share of Intake Panel — 2011 ————————————————- AGE DEMOGRAPHIC Source: NFO Research Share of Intake Panel — 2011 Source: NFO Research Share of Intake Panel — 2011 Total Population| EEgg Eating Population| ————————————————- TARGET AUDIENCE * Health conscious people * Film Actors * Sport persons * Body building professional. ————————————————-VALUE PROPOSITION ——————————â €”—————- SWOT ANALYSIS S Strengths * Technological and financial support from NECC S Strengths * Technological and financial support from NECC T Threats Price fluctuation in market due to the inflation Eg. Diesel price hike at regular intervals Many diseases associated with the hens. T Threats Price fluctuation in market due to the inflation Eg. Diesel price hike at regular intervals Many diseases associated with the hens. Opportunities There is Large Market Size for this product. O OpportunitiesThere is Large Market Size for this product. O W Weaknesses * This is a strong business sector so there are no weaknesses in this business. W Weaknesses * This is a strong business sector so there are no weaknesses in this business. ————————————————- Financial Plan Our Financial Plan includes following things: * Land And Building * Project cos t * Financing * Projected Income Statement * Key Assumptions 1. Production Assumption 2. Expense Assumption 3. Revenue Assumptions 4. Financial Assumption ————————————————-LAND & BUILDING Recommended Mode for Acquiring Land It is recommended that the proposed project should be started in a rented shed. This option will help us to save on the capital cost required for constructing new sheds. Normally, these sheds are located along the roadsides around the cities and rural areas. Generally, the rate prevailing in the market is around Rs 1 per square feet. Space Requirements | Required (SQ. FT) | Shed Space @ 2 Sq. ft / Bird | 10000 | Store Room | 64 | Rooms For Guards & workers | 144 | Pavement/Driveway | 510 | Total project space required | 10718 |Rent | 1 Re | Total Rent | 10718 | Suitable Locations Sub-urban and rural areas around the major cities of the country are recom mended for starting a layer farm. Setting up a farm at an isolated place will minimize the risk of disease. Infrastructure Requirements * Road * Electricity * Water * Drainage of rain water ————————————————- Project Cost Project Cost | Rs. | Machinery & equipment Cost | 62000 | Total Fixed Cost | 62000 | Raw Material Inventory | 159614 | Prepaid Bldg. Rent(10718 *12) | 128616 | Total Working Capital | 288320 |Total Project Cost(INITIAL) | 350230 | ————————————————- Financial Planning INITIAL FINANCING | | Rs. In actual | Debt | 50% | 175115 | Equity | 50% | 175115 | ————————————————- Projected Income Statement Particulars | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Sa les| 1510361 | 1546687 | 2912468 | (COGS) | (1501526) | (1437091) | (1750737) | G. P | 8836 | 109595 | 1161731 | (Op. Exp) | (69792) | (72494) | (68913) | Op. Profit | (60956) | 37101 | 1092818 | (Non OP. Exp) | (156634) | (218451) | (260406) | NPBT | (217591) | (181351) | 832412 | TAX @ 20%) | Nil | Nil | (166344) | NPAT | (217591) | (181351) | 666068 | Retained Earnings | – | – | – | Beginning of Year | Nil | (217591) | (398941) | End of year | (217591) | (398941) | 267127 | ————————————————- Key Assumptions 1) Production Assumptions:- Maximum Capacity Utilization | 100% | Number of Birds per Flock | 5000 | Number of Flocks per Year | 1 | Total Mortality Rate | 5% | Mortality Rate (Rearing Period) | 3% | Mortality Rate (Laying Period) | 2% | Total Mortality Loss (Birds) | 250 | Total number of Birds Laying Eggs | 4750 |Length of Rearing Period (Month s) | 4. 5 | Length of Laying Period (Months) | 12 | Lag time between the Flock(Weeks) | 2 | 2) Expense Assumption:- Maximum Capacity Utilization | 100% | Number of Birds per Flock | 5000 | Number of Flocks per Year | 1 | Total Mortality Rate | 5% | Mortality Rate (Rearing Period) | 3% | Mortality Rate (Laying Period) | 2% | Total Mortality Loss (Birds) | 250 | Total number of Birds Laying Eggs | 4750 | Length of Rearing Period (Months) | 4. 5 | Length of Laying Period (Months) | 12 | Lag time between the Flock(Weeks) | 2 | 3) Revenue Assumption:-Number. of eggs laid/Bird/Month (Dozens) | 2 | Availability of Eggs in Year 1 (Months) | 7. 5 | Production Capacity in Year 1 (Dozens) | 71250 | Eggs selling price (per Dozen) | 21 | Birds selling price | 20 | Litter selling price (per Flock) | 1500 | Feed Bags selling price (in Rs) | 5 | Sales price growth rate | 10% | 4) Financial Assumptions:- Project life (Years) | 10 | Debt | 50% | Equity | 50% | Interest rate on long-term debt | 16% | Interest rate on short term debt | 16% | Debt tenure (Years) | 5 | Minimum Cash Balance | 10000 | Economy Growth Rate | 10% |

5 Dangerous Things You Should Let Your Kids so

GEVER TULLY: 5 DANGEROUS THINGS YOU SHOULD LET YOUR KIDS DO Welcome to â€Å"Five Dangerous Things You Should Let Your Children Do. †Ã‚  I don't have children. I borrow my friends' children, so  (Laughter)  take all this advice with a grain of salt. I'm Gever Tulley. I'm a contract computer scientist by trade,  but I'm the founder of something called the Tinkering School. It's a summer program which aims to help kids to learn  how to build the things that they think of. So we build a lot of things. And I do put power tools into the hands of second-graders.So if you're thinking about sending your kid to Tinkering School,  they do come back bruised, scraped and bloody. So, you know, we live in a worldthat's subjected to ever more stringent child safety regulations. There doesn't seem to be any limit on how crazy  child safety regulations can get. We put suffocation warnings on all the — on every piece of plastic film  manufactured in the United States or for sale  with an item in the United States. We put warnings on coffee cups to tell us  that the contents may be hot.And we seem to think that any item  sharper than a golf ball is too sharp  for children under the age of 10. So where does this trend stop? When we round every corner and eliminate every sharp object,  every pokey bit in the world,  then the first time that kids come in contact with anything sharp  or not made out of round plastic,  they'll hurt themselves with it. So, as the boundaries of what we determine as the safety zone  grow ever smaller, we cut off our children from valuable opportunities  to learn how to interact with the world around them.And despite all of our best efforts and intentions,  kids are always going to figure out  how to do the most dangerous thing they can,  in whatever environment they can. So despite the provocative title, this presentation is really about safety  and about some simple things that we can do  to rais e our kids to be creative, confident  and in control of the environment around them. And what I now present to you is an excerpt from a book in progress. The book is called â€Å"50 Dangerous Things. †Ã‚  This is five dangerous things.Thing number one — play with fire. Learning to control one of the most elemental forces in nature  is a pivotal moment in any child's personal history. Whether we remember it or not,it's a — it's the first time we really get  control of one of these mysterious things. These mysteries are only revealed  to those who get the opportunity to play with it. So, playing with fire. This is like one of the great things we ever discovered, fire. From playing with it, they learn some basic principles about fire,  about intake, about combustion, about exhaust.These are the three working elements of fire  that you have to have to have a good controlled fire. And you can think of the open-pit fire as a laboratory. You don't know what they're going to learn from playing with it. You know, let them fool around with it on their own terms and trust me,  they're going to learn things  that you can't get out of playing with Dora the Explorer toys. Number two — own a pocketknife. Pocketknives are kind of drifting out of our cultural consciousness,  which I think is a terrible thing. Laughter)  Your first — your first pocketknife is like the first universal tool that you're given. You know, it's a spatula, it's a pry bar,  it's a screwdriver and it's a blade. And it's a — it's a powerful and empowering tool. And in a lot of cultures they give knives —  like, as soon as they're toddlers they have knives. These are Inuit children cutting whale blubber. I first saw this in a Canadian Film Board film when I was 10,  and it left a lasting impression, to see babies playing with knives. And it shows that kids can develop an extended sense of self  through a tool at a very young age. You lay down a couple of very simple rules —  always cut away from your body, keep the blade sharp, never force it  Ã¢â‚¬â€ and these are things kids can understand and practice with. And yeah, they're going to cut themselves. I have some terrible scars on my legs from where I stabbed myself. But you know, they're young. They heal fast. (Laughter) Number three — throw a spear. It turns out that our brains are actually wired for throwing things  and, like muscles, if you don't use parts of your brain,  they tend to atrophy over time.But when you exercise them,  any given muscle adds strength to the whole system  and that applies to your brain too. So practicing throwing things has been shown to  stimulate the frontal and parietal lobes,  which have to do with visual acuity, 3D understanding,  and structural problem solving, so it gives a sense —  it helps develop their visualization skills and their predictive ability. And throwing is a combi nation of analytical and physical skill,  so it's very good for that kind of whole-body training. These kinds of target-based practice alsohelps kids develop attention and concentration skills.So those are great. Number four — deconstruct appliances. There is a world of interesting things inside your dishwasher. Next time you're about to throw out an appliance, don't throw it out. Take it apart with your kid, or send him to my school  and we'll take it apart with them. Even if you don't know what the parts are,  puzzling out what they might be for  is a really good practice for the kids  to get sort of the sense that they can take things apart,  and no matter how complex they are,  they can understand parts of them and that means that eventually,  they can understand all of them.It's a sense of knowability, that something is knowable. So these black boxes that we live with and take for granted  are actually complex things made by other people  and you can understand them. Number five — two-parter. Break the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. There are laws beyond safety regulations  that attempt to limit how we can interact with the things  that we own — in this case, digital media. It's a very simple exercise — buy a song on ITunes, write it to a CD,  then rip the CD to an MP3 and play it on your very same computer. You've just broken a law. Technically the RIAA can come and persecute you.It's an important lesson for kids to understand —  that some of these laws get broken by accident  and that laws have to be interpreted. And it's something we often talk about with the kids  when we're fooling around with things and breaking them open  and taking them apart and using them for other things —  and also when we go out and drive a car. Driving a car is a — is a really empowering act for a young child,  so this is the ultimate. For those of you who aren't comfortable actually br eaking the law,  you can drive a car with your child. This is — this is a great stage for a kid.This happens about the same time  that they get latched onto things like dinosaurs,  these big things in the outside world  that they're trying to get a grip on. A car is a similar object, and they can get in a car and drive it. And  that's a really, like — it gives them a handle on a world  in a way that they wouldn't — that they don't often have access to. So — and it's perfectly legal. Find a big empty lot, make sure there's nothing in it  and it's on private property, and let them drive your car. It's very safe actually. And it's fun for the whole family. So, let's see. I think that's it. That's number five and a half. OK.

Fifth Monday Morning

Monday Morning Leadership The fifth Monday Hire Tough Introduction: The book â€Å"Monday Morning leadership† is a book written by David Cottrell. Cottrell discussed the most important issues in leadership as situations between Jeff who has little experience in leadership and Tony who has a great and well experience in leadership. Jeff goes to Tony every Monday to take lesson in leadership.Chapter 5 is about hire tough and it discusses the important of manpower and team in the company. In this chapter, Jeff decided to terminate Todd because he is drinking in work. Jeff has a great emotion but he decided to terminate him with the help of Kim who assisted him to take this decision and told him that Todd took the decision to terminate himself and you just implement this decision. Jeff now has three open positions available in his company.He decided to make interviews with the candidates selected by Kim during this week. He also decided to put Kim in HR department. He told Tony ab out that. Tony greeted him for his brave decision to terminate Todd. Tony told him that he should give himself much time in selecting new employees because there are two strategies for management either to hire tough and manage easy or hire easy and mange tough.Tony told him that people are the most important factor in the company so you should take much time to select them and try to get affection away from your selection of new employees. Conclusion: This was a very important chapter in the book; it discusses the HR and the important of people in the company. Jeff realized that the people are the cause of success or failure of the company. I have learned to contain people in the company and try to satisfy them in order to increase the performance of the company.

Com 156 Research Plan

Associate Level Material Appendix D Research Plan As part of your research plan, you must first draft a research question for your research paper that will guide the rest of your writing. A research question, which is more specific and focused than a general topic, is the question that your research paper will be answering. For example, if your general area of interest is social security, a possible research question might ask â€Å"How can low-income families save more money if the United States had a reformed social security plan that includes personal retirement accounts? As you develop a research question, keep in mind that you will need to research sources to support your topic. Do not pick a one-sided question that will limit your research. Instead, develop a research question that lends itself to further exploration and debate—a question for which you genuinely want to know the answer. Try to pick a research question that is neither too broad, which covers too much, or too narrow, which covers too little. It should be broad enough to be discussed in a short research paper. What is your general topic or area of interest? What is it about your general topic of interest that interests you? What questions do you have about the topic that you would like to investigate? List them. Would any of the questions you listed about the topic make a good subject for a research paper? Pick or adapt one question and make it into a research question. Why do you think this research question will be appropriate for a research paper? How is your research question significant or relevant to a wider community? What background information provides the preliminary grounds for your research? What are some expert or authoritative sources of information on this research question? What type of materials will you need to review for your research paper? What procedures will you follow to conduct your research? What difficulties do you anticipate in conducting your research?

Individualistic Culture in USA and the China Collectivistic Culture Essay

Individualistic Culture in USA and the China Collectivistic Culture - Essay Example In exchange, such persons are guaranteed protection and this is essentially the motivational factor in this system. The paper shall examine the United States and China with respect to individualistic or collectivistic cultures. In order to ascertain whether the US is an individualistic culture, it is essential to familiarise oneself with the traits synonymous with the individualistic culture. In such a culture, people normally empathise with their own goals and can also be considered as self centred. Additionally, such people communicate quite uniquely. In individualistic cultures, communication systems rarely make differences between out-group and in group communication. Consequently, their means of communication are also distinctive to this development. Most people who come from individualistic cultures tend to prefer using very direct and clear methodologies in communicating. This means that one is not likely to find them beating about the bush. (Hofstede, 1993) Success is a common goal in individualistic cultures. Usually, such persons take pride in private wealth or good job positions. It is usually common to find such people struggling to get up the corporate ladder. Such persons may not care much about what or who they have to eradicate in order to make it to the top. Besides these, these cultures are normally fond of creating business relationship that will benefit them personally. Normally connections are made in order to boost one' chances of making it i.e. they are well calculated. This also means that such cultures rarely pay attention to the mutual value that can come out of having a business relationship with another person and pay more attention to what that business relationship can do for them. In individualistic cultures, it is also common to find that employees found there are mostly interested in protecting their interests. This is the reason why law suits and litigations filed against one's employers are more common in individualistic societies than in collectivistic ones. Also, employees in these cultures are normally expected to take care about their own interests rather than looking out for the interests of others. (Chen, Meindl & Hunt, 2001) It should also be noted that this culture deals with problems in different ways to their collectivistic counterparts. Most individualistic people concern themselves with how they can change their environments to suit their circumstances. This is the same approach in problem solving; they always consider how other goals around them can be shifted to accommodate their needs. The United States was ranked as the country with the highest rate of individualism in the world. Hofstede conducted experiments where he wanted to study the level of collectivism and individualism in respective countries. These were his findings on cultural dimensions; PD= Power distance, ID = Individualism, MA = Masculinity, UA = Uncertainty Avoidance, LT = Long Term Orientation, H= top third, L = Bottom third, M = Medium third Country PD ID MA UA LT USA 40L 91H 62H 46L 29L China 80H 20L 50M 60 118 Source: Hofstede, p 91, 1993 Consequently, people from the latter country are likely to emanate from the collectivistic rather than the individualistic school of thought. Many leaders in the American culture have shown individualistic tendencies from time to time with some of them remarking that society

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Writer's choice - Essay Example 36).1 This paper explores the development of the slavery system in the New York colonies and compares it to that in the Southern colonies. Slavery in New York dates back to the period between 1626 and 1827. Although it is not mentioned in many historical books and other slavery materials, slavery greatly contributed to the development of the NY City. The same case was copied by the southern colonies, Manhattan. Unlike in the Northern colonies, the Southern ones appeared to be more brutal in its dealings with the slaves. This is attributed to the load of work that existed in the Southern states. They relied on them in entirety in their day-to-day operations. Both the Dutch and the New Yorkers saw the Africans and the black Americans as the group fit to be slaves despite the society having had other more marginalized groups based on religion and race, even though they demonstrated in their slavery life to free themselves. The African Burial Ground is a landmark located in Manhattan. This is the place where the death victims of slavery, mostly Africans, were buried. It was discovered in 1991 during the construction of the New Federal Office Building. Over 400 dead Africans were buried here following loss of lives in the hands of the Dutch colonizers (Jones, 2009).2 This is a clear indication of the mistreatment the slaves received in the Southern colonies which amounted to in-human treatments of being man-handled ‘The graves revealed to New Yorkers and the nation an aspect of history long hidden: the large numbers of enslaved African and African American men, women, and children who laboured to create colonial Manhattan’ (Harris, 2004, p. 14). Unlike the New York colonizers, the southern colonies viewed black slaves as vessels meant to serve them the way they desired. Therefore, they cared less about their lives, and if a

Investment Appraisal Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Investment Appraisal Techniques - Essay Example Some of the investment appraisal techniques used range from Net Present Value (NPV), Accounting Rate of Return (ARR), Internal Rate of Return (ARR) and Payback Period. Net Present Value (NPV) As one of the investment appraisal techniques, net present value (NPV) method ensures that the value of all the expected future cash flows is calculated into the present values (Droms, & Wright, 2010). More significantly, the net present value (NPV) method takes into consideration the difference that arises between the present value of the expected cash inflows of a project and the present value of the expected cash outflows that the project will yield in the future (Crosson & Needles, 2011). This is essential in the determination of whether or not the project is viable in the present condition if the projected will yield the projected cash flow in the future (Moyer, McGuigan & Kretlow, 2008). Calculations are done using the discount rate of the cost of capital that is determined depending on co nsiderations of the future projected risk of the project (Hastings, 2009). More so, the use of the net present value (NPV) method in capital budgeting is necessary because it analyzes the profitability level of the intended project (Mowen, Hansen & Heitger, 2012). Above all, use of net present value (NPV) method in capital budgeting analysis is critical because it is more sensitive as compared to other method because it relies on the future cash inflows that the project is expected to yield (Duenas, 2006). Net Present Value (NPV) method YEAR 0 1 2 3 4 TOTAL Initial Outlay (0) (300,000) (300,000) Sales revenue - - 350,000 390,000 410,000 1,150,000 Materials and components - (50,000) (65,000) (65,000) (50,000) (230,000) Salaries and Wages - (70,000) (80,000) (85,000) (85,000) (320,000) Depreciation - (45,000) (45,000) (45,000) (45,000) (180,000) Advertising - (25,000) (25,000) (25,000) (25,000) (100,000) Equipment disposal 120,000 120,000 Net cash flow (0) (490,000) 145,000 170,000 32 5,000 150,000 Discounted factor (15%) 1.0 0.8696 0.7561 0.6575 0.5718 Discounted cash flows (0) (426104) 109,634.50 111,775 185,835 (18,859.5) Overheads are not taken into account as expenses because it is not directly related with the project. More so, the overheads costs are related with the companies head office function. Accounting Rate of Return (ARR) Another investment appraisal technique that is used to estimate the expected rate of return of anticipated investment project is the accounting rate of return (ARR). More significantly, the use of the accounting rate of return (ARR) gives a more rapid way of estimating the expected net profits as a basis for comparing several different expected projects to be undertaken by a company (Siegel, Shim, & Hartman, 1998).   In addition, the accounting rate of return (ARR), takes an estimate of the returns that the expected project will yield during its entire useful life. As compared to the payback period method, the accounting rate of return (ARR) is rational as it considers the distribution of profits and not only the period the project is expected to take to get back the original amount of investment in the project (Brigham & Houston, 2009). One weakness of the accounting